{"id":1072,"date":"2021-04-07T01:07:27","date_gmt":"2021-04-06T23:07:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/astropeiler.webandrec.de\/?page_id=1072"},"modified":"2023-01-20T23:36:39","modified_gmt":"2023-01-20T22:36:39","slug":"erde-mond-erde-verbindungen-eme","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.astropeiler.de\/en\/erde-mond-erde-verbindungen-eme\/","title":{"rendered":"Earth-Moon-Earth-Transmissions (EME)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Moon bounce with the 10 Meter Telescope<\/h4>\n

\u201cRadio Astronomy is a subfield of astronomy that studies celestial objects at radio frequencies. Earth-Moon-Earth Communication (EME), also known as Moon bounce, is a radio communication technique that relies on the propagation of radio waves from an Earth-based transmitter directed via reflection from the surface of the Moon back to an Earth-based receiver.\u201d<\/em> Wikipedia<\/a>.<\/p>\n

The astronomical relation to a passive radio Moon reflection transmission is clear. Because of the elevated position of the observatory, the radio telescope Stockert with its telescope offers a perfect place for experiments on ambitious Moon transmissions. In addition to operational radio skills astronomical knowledge plays a key role in this. The opportunities made possible by our amateur radio operations therefore connect intimately with radio astronomical themes. A welcomed connection \u2013 and \u2013 a bonus point for education at Stockert!<\/p>\n

EME Transmissions with the 10 meter telescope at the observatory are conducted using 10 GHz radio signals<\/a> and are transmitted to the moon in classical morse code A1A<\/a>, using Single-sideband modulation SSB<\/a> or computer software WSJT<\/a>. The weak echoes that are emitted via the reflection of these signals on the moon\u2019s surface are then recorded on earth. A particular advantage of this specific operation style is that, even using higher frequencies, worldwide radio communication is still possible \u2013 as long as the moon is situated above earth\u2019s horizon for both stations at the time of communication.<\/p>\n

The greatest difficulty with EME presents itself within those weak signals that, after their reflection on the moon\u2019s surface (which is bend \u201cthe wrong way\u201d for reflectors and which rocky surface reflects poorly in itself) and long travels of 750000km (466028 miles) (which results in a significant delay of the echo), still manage to reach earth\u2019s surface. In these cases, usually, only a ten millionth of the originally emitted energy reaches back to us. Modern techniques (SDR<\/a>) support more demanding radio operations with their sensitive, optical waterfall-diagrams.<\/p>\n

Stockert\u2019s 10 meter telescope is especially practical for these 10 GHz-EME-operations. These reflected signals are, with the maximum allotted transmission power of 75 watts and an antenna gain of roughly 57 dBD, truly magnificent to record. The aperture angle is with its 0.19\u00b0 significantly smaller than the observable part of the moon\u2019s surface which is at 0.55\u00b0. It is therefore unsurprising that Astropeiler Stockert with is tightly focused \u201cideal antenna\u201d is proud to be in the midst of the world\u2019s most powerful 10-GHz amateur radio stations.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>

\"\"<\/a><\/div>

10 Meter Telescope in flat radiation
\nThe 10 Meter Telescope in size comparison<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>

<\/div>

In addition to precise point finding and orbital tracking of the moon, special propagation effects and even terrestrial weather must be considered. A flat radio path to the moon in thick rainy weather attenuates the signals so much that only “big guns”, i.e. particularly strong stations, have a chance. If, on the other hand, the weather is clear and dry, contacts with weak stations are also possible. The observance of the Doppler Effect<\/a> (\u00b125 kHz) and the libration<\/a> (up to 240 Hz) complete the 10 GHz lunar radio.<\/p>\n

The signal broadening of the libration is due to the proper motion of the moon. It results in a typical, rough reception signal, an additional challenge for the radio operator. Fascinating is radio echo as a realization of the speed of light, which is 2.3 to 2.8 seconds depending on the distance of the moon.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>

Moon Echoes from Stockert (DL\u00d8EF)<\/h4>\n

Morse Code Telegraphy (CW – .wav\/1,6MB)
\n\n <\/div>\n

Radio (SSB – .wav\/2,3MB)
\n\n <\/div>\n

EME operation combines radio astronomy with amateur radio. Basic astronomical knowledge, special antennas, extraordinary frequency ranges, special reception aids and the art of correct control give a hint of the professional demands of modern astronomy.<\/p>\n

Additionally, the 10 m mirror is also suitable for (rain) scatter experiments (tropospheric scatter<\/a>) and the observation of 10 GHz beacons (radio beacons<\/a>), and not to mention, also for an increasing application in its original function – the observation of astronomical radio sources<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Moon bounce with the 10 Meter Telescope \u201cRadio Astronomy is a subfield of astronomy that studies celestial objects at radio frequencies. Earth-Moon-Earth Communication (EME), also known as Moon bounce, is a radio communication technique that relies on the propagation of radio waves from an Earth-based transmitter directed via reflection from the surface of the Moon...","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":72,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"h5ap_radio_sources":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1072","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.astropeiler.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1072","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.astropeiler.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.astropeiler.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.astropeiler.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.astropeiler.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1072"}],"version-history":[{"count":22,"href":"https:\/\/www.astropeiler.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1072\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2362,"href":"https:\/\/www.astropeiler.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1072\/revisions\/2362"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.astropeiler.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1072"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}